The passenger may be charged depending on the scenario:
Yes
The recipient’s cellphone is not turned on. - The message has been sent to the recipient’s telecom service provider.
The recipient is unable to receive the message because their cellphone is outside network coverage. - The message has been sent to the recipient’s telecom service provider.
The recipient’s cellphone cannot accept the message because its memory is full. - The message has been sent to the recipient’s telecom service provider.
The recipient is outside his telecom service provider’s coverage area and his roaming agreement does not permit SMS messages to be forwarded. - The message has been sent to the recipient’s telecom service provider.
No
The recipient’s telecom service provider blocks air to ground messages.